The new urban paradigm

This paper argues in favor of a new urban model that harnesses the power that cities have to curb global warming. Such a model tackles fundamental management challenges in the energy, building and transport sectors to promote the growth of diverse and compact cities. Such a model is essential for meeting complex challenges in cities, such as promoting a cohesive social life and a competitive economic base while simultaneously preserving agricultural and natural systems crucial to soil, energy, and material resources. With most of the population living in urban areas, the G20 should recognize the key role that cities play in addressing global challenges such as climate change. Improved measures taken by cities should be an indispensable solution. The G20 Development Working Group, Climate Sustainability Working Group, and Energy Transitions Working Group should incorporate an urban approach to discussions related to climate change.Fil: Lanfranchi, Gabriel. Centro de Implementación de Políticas Públicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento; ArgentinaFil: Herrero, Ana Carolina. Centro de Implementación de Políticas Públicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento; ArgentinaFil: Rueda Palenzuela, Salvador. Agencia Ecología Urbana Barcelona; EspañaFil: Camilloni, Ines Angela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaFil: Bauer, Steffen. German Development Institute; Alemani

Lowering Investment Risk at the Bop Using Network Innovation Fundación pro Vivienda Social (Fpvs) Case

Mais de 2 milhões de pessoas na periferia da área metropolitana de Buenos Aires moram em bairros com acesso limitado à educação, crédito, saúde e serviços básicos (Goytia e Lanfranchi, 2009). Com quase 4 bilhões de pessoas vivendo em pobreza no mundo de hoje, esta situação não é exclusiva para Buenos Aires. Tamanho do mercado econômico deste "Base da Pirâmide" (BOP) faz com que seja impossível de ignorar, no século 21 (Prahalad e Hart, 2002). Infelizmente, porém, a maioria das empresas privadas não tiveram em conta dessas populações e, portanto, negada a oportunidade de participar na economia global. Este artigo descreve como a Fundação de Habitação Social (FPVS) procura corrigir esta situação, fornecendo os laços econômicos com o BOP. Este estudo de caso, com base nos testemunhos e experiências dos participantes, detalhes do esforço para criar oportunidades de negócios financeiramente sustentável tanto para o setor privado para o BOP. Maneira específica, o estudo está relacionado com o papel de facilitador FPVS como empresários e comunidades pobres para realizar negócios com a Base da Pirâmide (BOP). O testemunho deste estudo de caso, além da experiência dos pesquisadores e da literatura de negócios, foi o caminho escolhido. Sendo um estudo longitudinal, neste caso, examina como as percepções e as relações mudam com o tempo. Com base na Rede de Desenvolvimento de Modelo de Negócios, o estudo centra-se na co-geração de valores para todas as partes, dentro de uma estrutura sustentável. Especificamente, o caso é FPVS relacionados equalização papel no desenvolvimento da infraestrutura mutuamente benéfico. Desde 1995 FPVS enfocou a melhoria da habitação e desenvolvimento de infra-estrutura. Através de seus projetos, o FPVS mostrou que o trabalho com comunidades de baixa renda envolve alto risco, mas um bom negócio. A fundação acredita que as comunidades organizam em torno de mobilização de eventos relacionados à melhoria dos padrões de vida, você pode criar o capital social necessário para quebrar o ciclo da pobreza (Lanfranchi, 2005). Em áreas onde atua, a FPVS desenvolveu uma estratégia para organizar as demandas da comunidade de bens e serviços e combiná-los com a sua disposição. Estes tipos de estratégias têm sido descritas por Granovotte (1983) como a "fechar os buracos estruturais". Um aspecto importante deste estudo é que ele ilustra a necessidade de transcender os modelos de negócio tradicionais no desenvolvimento de empresas de sucesso com o BOP. O estudo também destaca como a abordagem FPVS é consistente com os recentes avanços na literatura do BOP (Prahalad, 2006). Por exemplo, o relatório mostra como as estratégias de FPVS incorpora os conceitos de inovação em administração de empresas (Kandachar, 2008), redes de negócios (Hakansson e Snehota, 1995) e radical transactibilidad (Hart e Simanis, 2005; Simanis e Hart, 2008). Mais significativamente, este estudo mostra como criar um intercâmbio econômico sustentável e mutuamente benéfica entre empresas privadas e da BP.DOI:10.5585/riae.v11i1.1835More than 2 million people from the outskirts of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region live in neighborhoods with restricted access to education, credit, healthcare, and basic services (Goytia and Lanfranchi, 2009). With nearly 4 billion people now living in poverty world wide, this situation is not unique to Buenos Aires. The size of this “Base of the Pyramid” (BOP) economic market makes it impossible to ignore in the 21st century (Prahalad and Hart, 2002). Unfortunately however, most private businesses have overlooked this population and thereby denied it the opportunity to participate in the global economy. This article describes how Fundación Pro Vivienda Social (FPVS) seeks to rectify this situation by facilitating economic engagement with the BOP. This case study, based on the testimony and experiences of participants, details the effort to create financially sustainable business opportunities for both the BOP and private sector. Specifically, this study deals with FPVS‟s role as a facilitator between businesses and poor communities in doing business with the Base of the Pyramid, (BOP). Testimony from this real case study in addition to the experience of the researchers and current business literature was the chosen path. As a longitudinal study, the case looks at how perceptions and relationships change over time. Based on the Developing Business Network Model, this article looked at the co-creation of value for all the parties within a sustainable framework. Specifically, the FPVS case deals with the foundation‟s leverage function in developing mutually beneficial infrastructure solutions. Since 1995, FPVS has focused on housing improvements and infrastructure development. Through its projects, FPVS has demonstrated that working with low-income communities is not high-risk, but rather good business. The foundation believes that by organizing communities around mobilizing events related to standard of living improvements, it can create the social capital necessary to break the poverty cycle (Lanfranchi 2005). In the areas where it operates, FPVS has developed strategies to organize community demand for goods and services and match it with suppliers. These types of strategies have been described by Granovette (1983) as „solving structural holes‟. An important aspect of this study is that it illustrates the necessity of transcending traditional business models when developing successful enterprises with the BOP. It also highlights how the FPVS approach is consistent with recent advances in BOP literature (Prahalad, 2006). For example, the report shows how FPVS strategies incorporate the concepts of business management innovations (Kandachar, 2008), business networks (Hakansson and Snehota, 1995), and radical transactivity (Hart and Simanis, 2005; Simanis and Hart, 2008). Most significantly, this study demonstrates how to create a sustainable and mutually beneficial economic exchange between private businesses and the BOP.Más de 2 millones de personas en la periferia de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires viven en barrios con restringido acceso a educación, créditos, salud y servicios básicos (Goytia y Lanfranchi, 2009). Con cerca de 4 mil millones de personas viviendo hoy en la pobreza a nivel mundial, esta situación no es única de Buenos Aires. El tamaño del mercado económico de esta “Base de la Pirámide” (BOP) hace que sea imposible ignorarlo en el Siglo 21 (Prahalad y Hart, 2002). Desafortunadamente, sin embargo, la mayoría de los negocios privados no han tenido en cuenta estas poblaciones y en consecuencia le niegan la posibilidad de participar en la economía global. Este artículo describe cómo la Fundación Pro Vivienda Social (FPVS) procura rectificar esta situación facilitando vinculación económica con la BOP. Este estudio de caso, basado en los testimonios y las experiencias de los participantes, detalla el esfuerzo para crear oportunidades de negocio financieramente sustentables, tanto para el sector privado como para la BOP. De modo específico, el estudio está relacionado con el rol de la FPVS como facilitador entre hombres de negocio y las comunidades pobres, para llevar a cabo negocios con la Base de la Pirámide (BOP). Los testimonios de este caso real, en adición a la experiencia de los investigadores y la literatura de negocios, fue el camino escogido. Siendo un estudio longitudinal, este caso analiza cómo las percepciones y las relaciones cambian en el tiempo. Con base en el Modelo Red de Desarrollo de Negocios, el estudio se enfoca en la cogeneración de valores para todas las partes, dentro de un marco sostenible. Específicamente, el caso de la FPVS tiene relación con su función ecualizadora en el desarrollo de infraestructuras mutuamente beneficiosas. Desde 1995 la FPVS se ha enfocado al mejoramiento de la vivienda y el desarrollo de infraestructuras. Por medio de sus proyectos, la FPVS ha demostrado que trabajando con las comunidades de bajos ingresos no implica un alto riesgo, sino más bien un buen negocio. La fundación cree que organizando a las comunidades alrededor de eventos movilizadores que se relacionan con el mejoramiento de sus niveles de vida, puede crearse el capital social necesario para quebrar el ciclo de la pobreza (Lanfranchi, 2005). En las áreas donde ella opera, la FPVS ha desarrollado estrategia para organizar las demandas de las comunidades por bienes y servicios y hacerlas corresponder con su suministro. Estos tipos de estrategias han sido descritas por Granovotte(1983) como de “cerrar los huecos estructurales”. Un importante aspecto de este estudio es que ilustra la necesidad de trascender a los modelos tradicionales de negocios cuando se desarrollan empresas exitosas con la BOP. El estudio también resalta como el enfoque de la FPVS es consistente con los recientes avances en la literatura de la BOP (Prahalad, 2006). Por ejemplo, el informe muestra cómo las estrategias de FPVS incorpora los conceptos de innovación en la administración de negocios (Kandachar, 2008), las redes de negocios (Hakansson y Snehota, 1995) y transactibilidad radical(Hart y Simanis, 2005; Simanis y Hart, 2008). De forma más significativa, este estudio muestra cómo crear un intercambio económico sustentable y mutuamente beneficioso entre los negocios privados y la BOP

Observation of an Excited Bc+ State

Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited Bc+ state in the Bc+π+π- invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Bc+ mass. It is consistent with expectations of the Bc∗(2S31)+ state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the Bc∗(1S31)+→Bc+γ decay following Bc∗(2S31)+→Bc∗(1S31)+π+π-. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, and is consistent with the Bc(2S10)+ state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date

Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions in the forward region in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions, produced in protonproton collisions at a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy, are studied using a data sample collected by the LHCb experiment. The signature for Bose-Einstein correlations is observed in the form of an enhancement of pairs of like-sign charged pions with small four-momentum difference squared. The charged-particle multiplicity dependence of the Bose-Einstein correlation parameters describing the correlation strength and the size of the emitting source is investigated, determining both the correlation radius and the chaoticity parameter. The measured correlation radius is found to increase as a function of increasing charged-particle multiplicity, while the chaoticity parameter is seen to decreas

Measurement of the inelastic pp cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV

The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV is measured with the LHCb detector. The fiducial cross-section for inelastic interactions producing at least one prompt long-lived charged particle with momentum p > 2 GeV/c in the pseudorapidity range 2 < η < 5 is determined to be ϭ acc = 62:2 ± 0:2 ± 2:5mb. The first uncertainty is the intrinsic systematic uncertainty of the measurement, the second is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The statistical uncertainty is negligible. Extrapolation to full phase space yields the total inelastic proton-proton cross-section ϭ inel = 75:4 ± 3:0 ± 4:5mb, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second due to the extrapolation. An updated value of the inelastic cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV is also reported

Updated Determination of D⁰–D¯⁰Mixing and CP Violation Parameters with D⁰→K⁺π⁻ Decays

We report measurements of charm-mixing parameters based on the decay-time-dependent ratio of D⁰→K⁺π⁻ to D⁰→K⁻π⁺ rates. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0  fb⁻¹ recorded by the LHCb experiment from 2011 through 2016. Assuming charge-parity (CP) symmetry, the mixing parameters are determined to be x′²=(3.9±2.7)×10⁻⁵, y′=(5.28±0.52)×10⁻³, and R[subscript D]=(3.454±0.031)×10⁻³. Without this assumption, the measurement is performed separately for D⁰ and D[over ¯]⁰ mesons, yielding a direct CP-violating asymmetry A[subscript D]=(-0.1±9.1)×10⁻³, and magnitude of the ratio of mixing parameters 1.00<|q/p|<1.35 at the 68.3% confidence level. All results include statistical and systematic uncertainties and improve significantly upon previous single-measurement determinations. No evidence for CP violation in charm mixing is observed

Measurement of CP observables in B± → D(⁎)K± and B± → D(⁎)π± decays

Measurements of CP observables in B ± →D (⁎) K ± and B ± →D (⁎) π ± decays are presented, where D (⁎) indicates a neutral D or D ⁎ meson that is an admixture of D (⁎)0 and D¯ (⁎)0 states. Decays of the D ⁎ meson to the Dπ 0 and Dγ final states are partially reconstructed without inclusion of the neutral pion or photon, resulting in distinctive shapes in the B candidate invariant mass distribution. Decays of the D meson are fully reconstructed in the K ± π ∓ , K + K − and π + π − final states. The analysis uses a sample of charged B mesons produced in pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0, 1.0 and 2.0 fb −1 taken at centre-of-mass energies of s=7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. The study of B ± →D ⁎ K ± and B ± →D ⁎ π ± decays using a partial reconstruction method is the first of its kind, while the measurement of B ± →DK ± and B ± →Dπ ± decays is an update of previous LHCb measurements. The B ± →DK ± results are the most precise to date

Observation of D⁰ Meson Decays to Π⁺π⁻μ⁺μ⁻ and K⁺K⁻μ⁺μ⁻ Final States

The first observation of the D⁰→π⁺π⁻μ⁺μ⁻ and D⁰→K⁺K⁻μ⁺μ⁻ decays is reported using a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by LHCb at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to 2  fb⁻¹ of integrated luminosity. The corresponding branching fractions are measured using as normalization the decay D⁰→K⁻π⁺[μ⁺μ⁻][subscript ρ⁰/ω], where the two muons are consistent with coming from the decay of a ρ⁰ or ω meson. The results are B(D⁰→π⁺π⁻μ⁺μ⁻)=(9.64±0.48±0.51±0.97)×10⁻⁷ and B(D⁰→K⁺K⁻μ⁺μ⁻)=(1.54±0.27±0.09±0.16)×10⁻⁷, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the limited knowledge of the normalization branching fraction. The dependence of the branching fraction on the dimuon mass is also investigated